Monday, August 24, 2020

Financial Management and Control †Kingspan Free Essays

Money related Management and Control Kingspan Assignment sixth December 2012 Contents Introduction4 1. Productivity Ratios4 1. 1Gross Profit Ratio4 1. We will compose a custom article test on Money related Management and Control †Kingspan or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now 2Net Profit Ratio4 1. 3Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)4 2. Liquidity Ratios5 2. 1Current Ratio5 2. 2Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio5 3. Proficiency Ratios6 3. 1Debtors Days6 3. 2Creditors Days6 3. 3Inventory Turnover Days6 4. Equipping Ratios7 4. 1Gearing Ratio7 4. 2Debt to Equity Ratio7 4. 3Interest Cover7 5. Speculation Ratios8 5. 1Earnings per Share8 5. 2Price Earnings Ratio8 5. 3Dividend Cover8 6. Wellsprings of Finance9 6. 1Debt capital:9 6. 2Lease and Hire Purchase9 . 3Share Capital9 6. 4Creditor Debtors10 6. 5Reducing stock levels10 7. Conclusion10 7. Appendices11 7. 1Appendix 111 7. 2Appendix 212 Introduction Below are the proportion discoveries dependent on Kingspan PLC’s yearly report year finished 31st December 2010. The proportions are determined for both 2010 and 2009. The proportions are as per the following: 1. Benefit Ratios 1. 1Gross Profit Ratio 20102009 Gross Profit333,694ãâ€"100%=27. 96%308,913ãâ€"100%=27. 45% Sales Revenue1,193,2151,125,523 There is a some what higher Gross Profit in 2010. Kingspan are presently clutching . 51% a greater amount of every euro of deals then they were in 2009. This is because of the expansion in deals. 1. 2Net Profit Ratio 20102009 Net Profit (before Int Tax)67,405ãâ€"100%=5. 65%62,659ãâ€"100%=5. 57% Sales Revenue1,193,2151,125,523 There is a slight increment of. 08% in 2010 contrasted with 2009. In the event that passing by the gross benefit proportion this ought to have been higher; this demonstrates they have to deal with their costs all the more effectively accordingly expanding their net benefit. 1. 3Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) 20102009 Net Profit (before Int Tax)67,405ãâ€"100%=7. 65%62,659ãâ€"100%=7. 97% Capital Employed (W1)880,616786,676 Kingspan has been less productive in utilizing their capital in 2010; they are somewhere near . 2% from 2009. In spite of the fact that there was an expansion in deals in 2010 the lessening in ROCE is because of the higher borrowings in 2010. On the off chance that in following years they proceed with this pattern financial specialists could begin to stress and sell shares. 2. Liquidity R atios 2. 1Current Ratio 20102009 Current Assets471,193=1. 55:1398,212=1. 31:1 Current Liabilities304,922303,529 The present proportion in 2010 shows that kingspan are dealing with their transient obligation more effectively than in 2009; this is because of expanding their present resources and figuring out how to keep their flows liabilities relativity consistent. They have to deal with their account holders and stock better to additionally expand the proportion which will tempt expected speculators. 2. 2Quick Ratio/Acid Test Ratio 20102009 Current Assets less Closing Inventory (W2)342,158=1. 12:1287,391=0. 95:1 Current liabilities304,922 303,529 In 2009 Kingspan may have experienced issues in paying their momentary lenders however they have figured out how to build it in 2010. Given the perfect proportion of 1:1 they could take a gander at contributing the overflow resources for an arrival. ? 3. Effectiveness Ratios 3. 1Debtors Days 20102009 Debtors218,047ãâ€"365=66. 70Days181,071Ãâ€"365=58. 72Days Credit Sales1,193,2151,125,523 Kingspan were dealing with their indebted individuals better in 2009. There is an expansion of 8 days in 2010; this might prompt terrible obligation. Gathering their obligation prior will expand the liquidity of the business. They could offer limits on early installment or offer a money cost. 3. 2Creditors Days 20102009 Creditors93,024ãâ€"365=38. 68Days85,228Ãâ€"365=40. 42Days Credit Purchases (W3)877,735769,671 Kingspans lenders days have diminished by 2 days meaning they are taking care of their obligations 2 days sooner than in 2009. This shows Kingspan are dealing with their obligation all the more productively and may premium likely speculators. 3. Stock Turnover Days 20102009 Average Inventory (W4)119,928ãâ€"365=50. 93Days134,291Ãâ€"365=60. 02Days Cost of Sales859,521816,610 Kingspan has dealt with their stock all the more productively in 2010; by doing so they have expanded their income and decreased their holding costs. ? 4. Equipping Ratios 4. 1Gearing Ratio 20102009 Lon g Term Borrowing213,671ãâ€"100%=24. 26%201,141ãâ€"100%=25. 57% Total Capital (W1)880,616786,676 By diminishing the degree of equipping they have diminished the degree of money related hazard, in spite of the fact that they have expanded their acquiring the expansion in capital is more prominent implying that they are utilizing less obligation to make their benefit. . 2Debt to Equity Ratio 20102009 Long Term Borrowing213,671ãâ€"100%=32. 04%201,141ãâ€"100%=34. 35% Shareholders Funds666,945585,535 Debt to value has diminished by nearly 2% in 2010 demonstrating that there are more investors assets to borrowings. This shows Kingspan can figure out how to pay their obligations which is significant for future borrowings and speculators. 4. 3Interest Cover Interest Cover 20102009 Profit before Interest Tax67,405=5. 3562,659=4. 91 Loan Interest12,59412,750 There are higher financing costs related with momentary borrowings than there are with long haul borrowings. By diminishing their present moment and expanding their drawn out borrowings Kingspan has decreased their account costs in 2010. They have additionally expanded their business giving a superior intrigue spread. It shows that in 2010 Kingspan would have the option to pay their advantage 5. multiple times contrasted with 4. multiple times in 2009. Bank and speculators would take a gander at this proportion to perceive how they spread their credits. 5. Venture Ratios 5. 1Earnings per Share 20102009 Profit after Interest and Tax48,657,000= â‚ ¬ 0. 28 47,658,000= â‚ ¬ 0. 28 Number of conventional shares171,755,762171,503,951 Profit per share in 2010 have remained nearly equivalent to 2009. It is shown here adjusted however 2010 has a slight increment. It shows the productivity of Kingspan and the consistency of the EPS shows security. Investors are accepting a marginally better yield in 2010. 5. 2Price Earnings Ratio 20102009 Price for every share7. 49=â‚ ¬ 26. 956. 05 =â‚ ¬ 21. 32 Earnings for every Share0. 280. 28 It is increasingly costly to purchase Kingspan shares in 2010 than contrasted with 2009; this shows trust in future acquiring power. 5. 3Dividend Cover 20102009 Profit after Int charge Pref Div48,657=7. 0NIL Earnings per Share6,661 Kingspan can pay their investors 7. multiple times from their accessible benefits. They didn't deliver any profit in 2009; this could have been a key move to expand income. ? 6. Wellsprings of Finance Kingspan work various distinctive fund sources, for example, 6. 1Debt capital: Kingspan have both long and transient borrowings. With momentary borrowings, for example, overdrafts and recruit buy kingspan will pay a high loan fee on their 2009 borrowings of â‚ ¬31,863mn yet they have figured out how to lessen that by over half to â‚ ¬14,259mn. This will decrease the money related expenses. The loan fee for long haul borrowings is commonly a great deal lower than that of momentary advances; despite the fact that Kingspan expanded there long haul borrowings in 2010 by â‚ ¬12,529mn they will be paying a lower loan cost, again saving money on fund costs. By diminishing their momentary borrowings and expanding their drawn out borrowings in 2010, Kingspan have figured out how to decrease their general money cost to â‚ ¬156mn in 2010. The drawn out borrowings of â‚ ¬213,671mn have been booked for stunned reimbursements more than 5 years, this evil permit kingspan to meet their liabilities when due. Loan fees for advances over â‚ ¬300,000 can be talked about with individual money related organizations. Kingspan’s financing cost for both long and momentary advances will rely upon their FICO assessment. They should have the option to deliver income estimates or give security to the advance. 6. 2Lease and Hire Purc hase This type of money permits Kingspan to acquire the utilization of a benefit without a huge starting expense. It is valuable as the hazard stays with the proprietor and as innovation transforms they can overhaul the gear with negligible expense. Kingspan have expanded their rent/enlist buy costs by â‚ ¬7mn in 2010. 6. 3Share Capital The center financing in Kingspan is given by investors; this expanded by â‚ ¬81,410mn in 2010. Despite the fact that there is chance included and there might be an exceptional yield expected by utilizing this type of financing there is no necessity to deliver profits regardless of whether benefits exist. As Kingspan don't have favored investors they didn't deliver out profits in 2009 and permitted them to hold their benefit and improve deals. 6. 4Creditor Debtors Kingspan’s loan bosses days diminished by 2 days in 2010; contingent upon the understanding they may have had the option to get a rebate for early installment. Anyway concurring longer acknowledge terms for their providers would permit them greater adaptability with income. In 2009 Kingspan were additionally dealing with their account holders days more effectively than that of 2010. This might be because of the down turn in the economy and to make deals they could have offered longer reimbursement alternatives. If necessary Kingspan could renegotiate the terms or offer limits for early installment. 6. 5Reducing stock levels By decreasing the quantity of days stock is held will save money on holding costs, for example, security, light, warmth, warehousing and staff it will likewise diminish the danger of ruining or out of date merchandise. Kingspan have figured out how to diminish their stock turnover days to 51 days contrasted with 60 days the earlier year. 7. End Overall Kingspan is performing preferred in 2010 over contrasted with 2009. The wellsprings of money are functioning admirably for the organization, they have a low equipping proportion and have moved assets among long and transient getting exploiting a lower financing cost. They are dealing with their lender, account holder and stock turnover days more proficiently than in 2009. They are renting or utilizing employ buy to get resources this giving Kingspan the utilization of hardware without an enormous starting expense. Given the business and the financial atmosphere in 2010 Kingspan demonstrates to be a fluid organization and sh

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Language education Essay

It's anything but a mystery that educating has an extraordinary job in our life. In our continually changing world we need to get information from everything: from individuals and things encompassing us, from various advances, from our experience. In any case, nothing of these can replace an educator, who assumes an incredible job in life of each individual. During rather significant stretch of time an instructor was a vital piece of children’s life. He doesn't just give the information on the world, gets ready youngsters for regular daily existence yet in addition impacts their spirits, instructs them to be completely forthright, to show restraint, to help one another, toâ respect one another. In any case, who is an instructor? We for the most part feel that an educator particularly in the event that we talk about a female is an apprehensive steady animal. What's more, on the off chance that we discuss a male, we are certain he is odd, inattentive and all the time not firmly assembled and solid. Be that as it may, in the broadest sense, an instructor can be characterized as somebody who educates or bestows information, yet additionally somebody answerable for molding the brains and hearts of each one of those whom they educate. Unknown dialect educators have a ton of regular characteristics with the instructors of different subjects. In addition such â€Å"ideal† educator would groups individual characteristics, specialized capacities and expert comprehension. One must concede that the eventual fate of any understudy relies upon the characteristics and devotion of an educator of unknown dialect or some other subject. That is the reason it is important to be a decent instructor who will make an enthusiasm for understudies to accomplish the points they set for themselves. Be that as it may, what characteristics, highlights do make an instructor a decent educator? Talking about it as a matter of first importance we should contact teacher’s individual and expert characteristics. The most significant component for both unknown dialect instructor and educator of different subjects is to make the most of his calling and love youngsters. On the off chance that an educator cherishes his calling and his understudies he is prepared to give themselves to such a difficult work just like an instructor. An instructor who is brimming with adoration for his work is propelled, invigorated, and inventive; he comes to work environment upbeat, he is open and can impart his positive feelings to the understudies. The following most significant concern is teacher’s unceasing tolerance. An unknown dialect instructor must show restraint. He should never be irritated with understudies since they don’t get something. Not all youngsters learn at a similar pace and unavoidably some will require uncommon consideration. In any case, abandoning these youngsters is a slip-up as they can for the most part prevail with consolation and difficult work. A decent instructor must have initiative characteristics. He should have incredible certainty and solid resolution to get the best outcomes from his understudies. A decent comical inclination is another extraordinary device that encourages an instructor to disentangle his errand. Iâ think that a decent comical inclination can make a lovely climate where everybody realizes they can pose inquiries, commit errors or evaluate new thoughts. One additional characteristics of a decent instructor which is important to make reference to is regard. It is essential to regard the understudies, their assessments, thoughts, style of living, and mentality towards something. Having that regard for others gets you the regard once more from others. Perseverance, resilience, idealism, eagerness, objectiveness, agreeable air are additionally in the primary positions of characteristics of a decent educator. I believe that every one of these attributes are a test for an individual since it isn't so natural to join every one of them. In any case, as the future instructors we should bend over backward so as to create them since we are the future models for more youthful age. Additionally, a great unknown dialect instructor ought to have certain expert information. Most importantly he should know brain science of his kids. It will assist an educator with having a specific path with the understudies, to include them, to make the exercises all the more intriguing and successful. Most assuredly a decent unknown dialect educator must be proficient in his subject, since he is a model for the understudies. He should know all the quirks of the language, its punctuation, lexical structure superbly well. The way to express a decent unknown dialect educator should likewise be on an elevated level. At the end of the day he should be an expert, an ace of his aptitudes. Additionally, a great educator likewise should be able to dissect his work so as to see his mix-ups, to discover progressively viable and profitable method of instructing. Be that as it may, then again, their social situation of authoritatively regarded yet gravely paid masters doesn’t permit them to possess the alluring advance on the social stepping stool. Tragically all the time instructors don’t have a simple access to important logical writing to improve their expert abilities. One increasingly negative part of this calling is that they nearly have no ends of the week, as their Monday is bound to start on Sunday, since some significant arrangements ought to be finished. What's more, youthful instructors are regularly not prepared for the enthusiastic effect and the measure of workâ coming down on the educator. To reach the inference, one can say that future educators must recollect that being an instructor is an extraordinary obligation, since educators are accused of children’s youthful spirits. They should develop themselves so as to turn out to be acceptable educators, to obtain the characteristics which will assist with opening children’s hearts, to become companions for them, to become models for them to follow, to remain in their brains and hearts until the end of time. One can't deny that the experience the educators get at school make an extraordinary impact on their perspectives to life and individuals.

Saturday, July 25, 2020

How Primary Emotions Affect You

How Primary Emotions Affect You PTSD Print How Primary Emotions Affect You By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Updated on June 24, 2019 franckreporter / Getty Images More in PTSD Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Coping Related Conditions PTSD and the Military Primary emotions are those that occur as a direct result of encountering some kind of cue. For example, if someone is late for a meeting that is scheduled, she may experience frustration or concern. These emotions would be considered a primary emotion  because the emotion occurred as a direct consequence of encountering some kind of event. Learn more about primary emotions and their relationship to secondary emotions with this review. What Makes Primary Emotions Stand Out Primary emotions are fast-acting. That is, they occur in close proximity to the event that brought them on. Primary emotions are important  because they provide us with information about our current situation and get us ready or motivated to act in some way. People with post-traumatic stress disorder  (PTSD)  often experience strong emotions. If you have PTSD, you may experience  sadness,  anger,  or  anxiety  when youre reminded of the traumatic event or at other  stressful moments. These emotional reactions are all primary. Sometimes, however, emotions occur in response to having  other  emotions. For example, you might feel  shame  about being anxious or sad or anxiety because youre angry. This type of emotional reaction is called a  secondary emotion. Understanding Primary and Secondary Emotions If someone cuts you off in traffic, youll probably feel irritated or angry. In this situation, anger or irritation is a primary emotion, because it occurred as a direct consequence of the event (being cut off in traffic). Or, if you start  remembering the loss of someone  you care about, the primary emotion you might feel is sadness. Secondary emotions, on the other hand, are less useful. Secondary emotions are the emotions we have in response to having primary emotions. Lets go back to the example of  someone cutting you off in traffic. You first feel the primary emotion of anger. However, lets say you were brought up to believe that it is not okay to be angry, or you  fear that when you feel anger, youll lose control and do something  impulsive. If this is how you evaluate your primary emotion, anger, youll probably feel shame or anxiety as a secondary emotion. Secondary emotions dont pass quickly or provide useful information, but they do tend to stick around for a long time. Theyre also problematic  because they can take over from primary emotions, effectively blocking them. As a result, secondary emotions can keep you from  getting information from your primary emotions  and acting on it in healthy ways. You could think of this as a way of trying to  avoid your emotions. How to Reduce Your Secondary Emotions The first step in reducing your secondary emotions is to  increase your overall emotional awareness.  Self-monitoring exercises  may help. In these exercises, you identify and evaluate your emotional responses to situations, trying to capture the kinds of secondary emotions that arise from your primary ones. The goal is to learn to  challenge your thoughts  or be more  mindful of your thoughts. You  practice  not taking your secondary emotions at face value or as truth, but simply as emotions, youre having only because youve had them before in the same types of situations, and its become a habit. Over time, getting into the habit of recognizing and  challenging your secondary emotions  can help you reduce their effects. That way, you can stay in touch with your primary emotions long enough to  act  on them in healthy ways.

Friday, May 22, 2020

Based On The Reality Television, The Current President

Based on the Reality Television, the current president and CEO of the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf, John Fuller, occupied this position since 2014. The company has 1100 stores, operates in 30 countries, has stores in 14 States in the U.S.A, and 15,000 employees. John Fuller went undercover as Mick. The founder of the company Herbert B. Hyman began the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf in 1963 with a commitment to excellence and quality (Newman, 2006). This company is guided by principles of friendliness, respect, ownership, teamwork, honesty (FRONT) (Coffebean.com/career). According to the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf website (coffeebean.com/our-story/our-heritage), a coffee retailer was founded in Los Angeles, California in September 1963. It offers a†¦show more content†¦Managers link the supervisors with the CEO because they are between the CEO and the supervisors. Managers interpret the goals/objectives from the CEO to the supervisors. Then the supervisors monitor the daily performance o f subordinates. The command flows downward and the feedback goes up the chain. The Theory that the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf operates under Currently, the Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf operates under the Quality Management Theory/Total Quality Management. For total quality management to succeed, it involves all stakeholders such as, management, workers, suppliers, and even feedback from the customers to meet or exceed customer expectations (Hill and Jones, 2014; Tompkins, 2005). Furthermore, total quality management empowers employees to ascertain means to remove factors that damage high quality (Tompkins, 2005). Deming provides a Plan, Do, Check, and Act cycle, which makes total quality Management a full process and provides a continuous improvement of product or service (Tompkins, 2005). The theory provides several principles, which include; customer driven/focus, continuous improvement, employee empowerment, use of quality tools, product design, process management, and managing supplier quality (Tompkins, 2005). The theory was selected because, among these principles, the company undermines one significant principle, whic h is employee empowerment. The company focuses more on the customers and quality of its products andShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Viacom1304 Words   |  5 Pages Viacom President CEO - Philippe Dauman The President and CEO for Viacom is Philippe Dauman. He has been the head of the company since September 5, 2006 has been on the Board of Directors since January 1, 2006. From May 2000 until September 2006, Dauman co-founded and was Co-Chairman and CEO of DND Capital Partners, LLC. Prior to him becoming Viacom’s President CEO, he has had several roles at Viacom such as being Deputy Chairman and Executive Vice President of Viacom Inc. 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Friday, May 8, 2020

The Problem Of Women Of A First World Country Women

It is hard to believe that in a first world country women are more likely to die of heart disease than men are because clinical researchers conduct more health studies on men and then release the research to the public claiming that the studies apply to both genders. Sadly, the problem of women not being equally represented as men in clinical studies is a reality in the United States of America and puts women at risk for their health; however the problem can be fixed by creating awareness, incorporating more females in health research, and establishing a dedicated Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Each of the three solutions is necessary as they would work best together to fix the problem. Society needs to bring awareness to women and inform them what is and is not healthy for them so they can speak out and require that more women need to be tested on to then better provide the FDA with more reliable information which should create a safer health system. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Review of related lit and studies Free Essays

According to Manfred Ours Koch (2011 who compiled a lot of studies involving meal combinations, having a great meal combination won’t just give the customer the satisfaction they deserve but it will also give the right benefits that the body needs even if the said meals are comprised by simple ingredients. Poor meal combinations might cause the enlargement of the intestine and can be the cause of excess eating that leads to obesity. According to Fatima (201 1), Operational decisions and actions related to menu such as standardizing and offering a consistent quality, minimizing arrive failures, accurately predicting demand to menu items, and assuring food safety are essential components of providing a prosperous meal experience. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of related lit and studies or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, customers may be dissatisfied when their orders are delayed or cannot be served due to shortage of ingredients because of poor sales forecasting. Moreover, customers who are attentive to food safety issues may assess all visible cues such as cleanliness of utensils, serving temperature and personal hygiene of service staff in order to be certain the safety level of food and these assessments may influence their satisfaction tit meal experience. Penmen – Malice said in his blob in POS Sector for Restaurants and Bars that dishes from the menu combos are the best selling items of a restaurant and the most often choice of the guests no matter of its price. It is mandatory to include them in a restaurant offer. Not only that it will affect to increase the traffic in a restaurant, but will refresh offers, facilitate the sale of targeted menu items, and be the silent partner in suggestive selling. Pairing food from menu with drinks and tasty side dish is proven and effective method to improve sales and profits. Using menu engineering and combo meals has not been typical only for fast-food restaurants anymore, it increasingly taking place in all other full service restaurants where Offer has been only â€Å"a la carte† few years ago. Erica’s 1 and 2 offers a lot of combo meals in their menu. It consists of Pork, Beef, Chicken or Fish dish, side dish, rice, and a regular size drink. The items in their combo meals complement each other. According to Carline (2009) there is mounting empirical evidence to suggest that the law of one price is violated in retail financial markets, there is significant price dispersion even when rodents are homogeneous. Also, despite the large number of firms in the market, prices remain above marginal cost and may even rise as more firms enter. In a non-cooperative oligopoly pricing model, I show that these anomalies arise when firms add complexity to their price structures. Complexity increases the market power of the firms because it prevents some consumers from becoming knowledgeable about prices in the market. In the model, as competition increases, firms tend to add more complexity to their prices as a best response, rather than make their disclosures more transparent. Because this may substantially decrease consumer surplus in these markets, such practices have important welfare implications. Local Literature Foreign Studies French (2003) said that the individual dietary choices are influenced by the taste, cost, convenience and nutritional value of foods. Food pricing and marketing practices are important components of the eating environment. Recent studies have applied economic theories to changing dietary behavior. Price reduction strategies promote the choice of targeted foods by lowering their cost relative to alternative food choices. The studies that were conducted demonstrated that the price reductions are an effective strategy to increase purchase of more healthful foods in work place and schools. Reducing prices on healthy foods is a strategy in public health that should be implemented through policy initiatives and collaborating in the industry. Local Studies Esther (1998) Jollied Foods Corporation leads the Philippine Food Service industry by continuing to strengthen its competitiveness. It continues to be the most visited among both hamburger and total fast food chains throughout the country. The Jollied brand today is one of the most well recognized and best loved consumer brands in the country. She said that Jollied should continue to offer superior taste through their best selling products for them to stay as the leading fast food restaurant in delivering the highest quality standards of products and customer service. Their proposed plan aims to strengthen its market leadership by focusing on the 1 5 to 40 years old male and female market from classes C and D. The proposed marketing plan will present a more filling meal combo at an affordable price f POP to target medium heavy eaters. It also aims to provide Jollied consumers with more variety in value meal combinations. To evaluate the proposed plan, monthly sales monitoring and transaction reports will be done. Product Quality Surveys will also be conducted to monitor consumers’ acceptance of the product. Periscope’s has the most number of branch of fast food in Mandible area. All the branches offer the same menu. They must offer valuable meals for them to attract more customers. They should also know about the budget of the students so that their products will be fast moving. How to cite Review of related lit and studies, Papers

Monday, April 27, 2020

Nursing Scientific Management and Frederick Taylor Essay Example

Nursing: Scientific Management and Frederick Taylor Paper Scientific Management Theory by Frederick Winslow Taylor Based on the scientific management theory, what are some of the routines in health care that seem to be inefficient? What examples of participative decision making exist in your workplace? Provide your rationale. The Scientific Management approach was initially described and theorized by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In his book â€Å"Principles of Scientific Management†, first published in 1911, Frederick Taylor formulated a view on management that was highly inspired by engineering principles. As such, the studies of Frederick Taylor can be seen as a culmination of a series of developments occurring in western industrialized countries, in which engineers took the lead in developing manufacturing productivity and in industrializing organizations. Frederick Taylor developed Scientific Management out of the belief that tasks could be optimized scientifically, and that Scientific Management could design the best rational way of performing any task, which would lead to enhanced productivity and profitability. Enhanced productivity would not only lead to greater profits for the employers, but also for the workers, who would be given the tools and training to perform at optimum performance. The development of best practices should be based on detailed observation of work processes, and on vigorous training and selection of the best-suited workers. The routine that seems to be inefficient in my workplace is the procedure of blood transfusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Scientific Management and Frederick Taylor specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Scientific Management and Frederick Taylor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing: Scientific Management and Frederick Taylor specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Thursday, March 19, 2020

Std Prevention Essays - Midwifery, RTT, Prevention Of HIVAIDS

Std Prevention Essays - Midwifery, RTT, Prevention Of HIVAIDS Std Prevention Abstinence And STD Prevention Todays world is full of worries and problems which did not affect teens a generation ago. New problems keep appearing in todays world, such as STDs, increased pregnancy rates, and other factors facing teens who choose to have sex. Emotionally and physically teens and getting less developed before having sex and are not prepared for the serious problems which come along with their decision to have sex. No longer is it a matter which will just go away if we ignore it, but teen health and the health of our society depend on choices which todays teens make regarding sex. With so many diseases and problems facing todays world, abstinence is the only way to protect ourselves. Abstinence is a safe choice in preventing the possibility of pregnancy. One-tenth of young women between the ages of 15 and 19 get pregnant every year, 83 percent of these pregnancies are unwanted or unplanned. Half of the unmarried teens who get pregnant do so within six months of their first sexual experience. In fact, between 1986 and 1990, teen childbearing increased by 16 percent. Whats worse, pregnant teenagers often dont see a doctor until the time of delivery. Another serious problem surrounding teen sexual intercourse is the probability of AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Each year, three million teens are infected with STDs. Among 14- to 20-year-olds, chlamydia is the most common. It has no obvious symptoms, and can cause infertility if left untreated. Another common disease is herpes, which causes sores and painful swelling of the genitals. Its symptoms can be managed, but not cured. Fifteen percent of all teenage girls carry the virus that causes genital warts, another common STD. Gonorrhea, not uncommon in teens, is known to cause pelvic pain, discharge, and painful urination. It may leave its victims sterile. Perhaps even more serious is the disease Syphilis, which killed famous mobster Al Capone. It causes sores, rashes, brain and organ damage, and death. It can also harm an unborn child. AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a growing danger, and is by far the most serious sexually transmitted disease. AIDS is the sixth leading cause of death among 15- to 24-year-olds. Cases among teens have grown 62 percent in the past two years, and the number of teens with AIDS doubles every 14 months. A fifth of all AIDS victims in this country today are in their twenties, and since the disease takes two to ten years to develop, those victims contracted it in their teenage years. Even scarier is that, according to a study of 19 universities, one in 500 college students may carry the AIDS virus. With these frightening statistics, it's easy to see why many teens are choosing not to have sex. Many bold teenagers think they can totally avoid pregnancy and STDs by using various forms of contraceptives. However, while it does lessen the chances of disease and unwanted pregnancy, birth control is not always dependable. Although sex my bring appeal to our generation, the best way to prevent teen pregnancy and STDs is by practicing abstinence. Hopefully before any more people are infected by some of these deadly diseases, kids will get the idea that being safe and practicing abstinence is the best way to go.

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

The Top 10 French Gestures

The Top 10 French Gestures Gestures are frequently used when speaking French. Unfortunately, many gestures are not often taught in French classes. So enjoy the following very common hand gestures. Click on the name of the gesture, and youll see a page with an image of the relevant gesture. (You may have to scroll down to find it.) Some of these gestures involve touching other people, which is not surprising since the French are touchy-feely.  According to the French publication Le Figaro Madame (May 3, 2003), a study on heterosexual couples seated at a terrace established the number of contacts at 110 per half-hour, as compared to two for Americans. French Body Language in General For a full look at the intricacies of French body language, read the classic Beaux Gestes: A Guide to French Body Talk (1977) by Laurence Wylie,  Harvards longtime  C. Douglas Dillon Professor of French Civilization.  Among his telling conclusions: The French are  more controlled  (than Americans).  Their chest remains straight, their pelvis horizontal, their shoulders do not move and their arms are close to their body....There is something stiff and tense in the French way of moving.  This is why French clothes are too narrow, too tight for Americans.  Being very controlled with their bodies, the French need verbal expression as an outlet....Americans need more space to move.Your [the French] obsession with rationality leads you to give major importance to your head. The most characteristic French gestures are associated with the head: mouth, eyes, nose, etc. Of the dozens of iconic French gestures and facial expressions, the following 10 stand out as French cultural symbols. Note that these are not drawn-out affairs; they are done fairly quickly. 1.Faire la bise Greeting or saying goodbye to friends and family with a sweet (nonromantic) exchange of kisses is perhaps the most essential French gesture. In most parts of France, two cheeks are kissed, right cheek first. But in some regions, it can be three or four. Men do not seem to do this as often as women, but for the most part, everyone does it to everyone else, children included. La bise is more an air kiss; the lips do not touch the skin, although the cheeks can touch. Interestingly, this type of kiss is common in several cultures, yet many people associate it only with the French. 2.Bof Bof, aka the Gallic shrug, is stereotypically French. It is commonly a sign of indifference or disagreement, but it could also mean: Its not my fault, I dont know, I doubt it, I dont agree, or I dont care. Raise your shoulders, hold up your arms at the elbows with your palms facing out, stick out your lower lip, raise your eyebrows and say Bof! 3.Se serrer la main You can call this shaking hands (se serrer la main, or to shake hands) or the French handshake (la poignà ¨e de main, or  the handshake). Shaking hands is, of course, common in many countries, but the French way of doing it is an interesting variation. A French handshake is a single downward motion, firm, and brief.  Male friends, business associates, and coworkers shake hands when greeting and parting. 4.Un, deux, trois The French system of counting on the fingers is a bit different.  The French  start with the thumb for #1, while English speakers start with the index finger or the little finger. Incidentally, our gesture for loser means #2 to the French. Plus, if you order one espresso in a French cafà ©, youd hold up your thumb, not your index finger, as Americans would do. 5.Faire la moue The French pout is another oh-so-classic French gesture. To show discontent, distaste or another negative emotion, pucker up and push your lips forward, then squint your eyes and look bored. Voil la moue. This gesture shows up when the French have to wait for long periods, or they dont get their way. 6.Barrons-nous The French gesture for Lets get out of here! is very common, but its also familiar, so use it with care. Its also known as On se tire. To make this gesture, hold your hands out, palms down, and smack one hand down onto the other. 7.J'ai du nez When you tap the side of your nose with your index finger, youre saying that you are clever and quick-thinking, or youve done or said something smart. Jair du nez literally means that you have a good nose for sensing something. 8.Du fric This gesture means that something is very expensive, or that you need money. People sometimes also say du fric! when they make this gesture. Note that le fric is the French colloquial equivalent of dough, cash or money. To make the gesture, hold one hand up and slide your thumb back and forth across your fingertips. Everyone will understand. 9.Avoir une verre dans le nez This is a funny way to indicate that someone has had too much to drink or that person is slightly drunk. The origin of the gesture: a glass (une verre) symbolizes alcohol; the nose (le nez) becomes red when you drink too much. To produce this gesture, make a loose fist, twist it in front of your nose, then tilt your head to the other direction while saying, Il a une verre dans le nez. 10.Mon Å“il Americans express doubt or disbelief by saying, My foot! while the French use the eye. Mon oeil!  (My eye!) can also be translated as: Yeah, right! and No way! Make the gesture: With your index finger, pull down the bottom lid of one eye and say, Mon oeil!

Saturday, February 15, 2020

Tyrannical Manner of Governance and the French Revolution Essay

Tyrannical Manner of Governance and the French Revolution - Essay Example The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens provides that everyone is entitled to their opinion. They should not find any disturbance, provided they maintain public order. In addition, Robespierre made comparisons of terror to other principles of the society. Such principles included justice and promptness in the achievement of democracy. According to him, there was an urgency in the application of democracy and the use of terror could lead to the production of the virtues of democracy. The declaration provides the prohibition of injurious actions to the society and that only the law stipulates the requirements of the actions of the society. In my opinion, I disagree with Robespierre that the terror was necessary. This is because he provoked and assumed the strong beliefs and feelings of the people, in relation to their rights. It was wrong for the Robespierre to make terror a government policy for the achievement of political goals. In today’s world, governments are putting efforts to ensure the elimination of terror. I consider the status of the French revolution as a terrorist act, where the government is the mastermind of the terror attack. Robespierre himself was a lawyer and his job entailed the protection of the constitution. He knew that it was a criminal offense to take action to a criminal through mob violence. Therefore, the use of terror was due to fear on his part in the achievement of the governments’ goals. The majority will always have their way in the society. The people of France had become indifferent to the revolution. This is because it involved military conscription and the use of thre ats to the people, in a bid to change their lifestyle. The use of terror was an unfortunate event to the people who were hostile to the revolution. It is in order for the relevant authorities to take wrongdoers to court, where they receive judgment.

Sunday, February 2, 2020

The effects of Strategic marketing on Business performance Literature review

The effects of Strategic marketing on Business performance - Literature review Example In the present era, market has become highly competitive. In this competitive market, a strategy is needed to offer product or service which will do better than the competition. The marketing strategy must be executed by a proper methodology. To create a marketing strategy for business a company should think about the following factors. When the market is attractive and the company is holding a strong position in that particular industry, then it must invest the best resources for supporting the offering. But if the company is not in a good position then it must focus on strengthening the company first. When the market is not that attractive and the company is holding a strong position in any industry, then the company should offer effective sales and marketing effort for creating good profit. Furthermore, in either case where company is not too strong then it should promote those offerings which will prove most profitable for business. Literature Review According to the study conduc ted by Jaakkola (2006), there is a strong connection between market and financial performance. Sales volume has direct effect on profit. Individual coefficient differs from country to country. Four measuring sets, i.e., market and innovation orientation, inside out, and outside in marketing were used for assessing marketing performance in few companies. The ‘inside out capabilities’ have high influence on performance in most of the sample country he used except Hong Kong because the market structure and strength of competition are favourable with high market orientation. The connection among market orientation and market performance is extremely low in Finland. This indicates that market orientation in Finland is bad and high market orientation of the business context does not pay off. Where Finnish companies are good in making profit from ‘inside out capabilities’, Austrian companies are good in converting ‘outside in capabilities’ into good b usiness performance. German companies are good into innovation orientation and generate profit with it. Finnish companies have a more positive outlook than others and they act in market oriented way. They continuously take customers and competition into account and hence the financial performance suffers from it. The effectiveness of strategic marketing process in Finnish companies is extremely low. This refers to strong focus on technological product improvement as emphasis should be put more on irrelevant development of processes and capabilities of company. It shows that how ‘inside out capabilities’ is the individual construct and have large influence on competitive advantage development and sustaining business performance. The innovation process positively relates to market performance and competitive advantages, but its total effect on financial performance is negative. The ‘outside in capabilities’ and marketing orientation include slight harmful out come on business performance of a company (Jaakkola, 2006). According to the researches done by Garland and Brooksbank (2008), the marketing strategy is quite prevalent in company in case of more comprehensive situation. The higher performing firms place more importance to an inclusive situation analysis than the lower performing companies. There are five kinds of situation study namely buyer, internal, marketplace, business environment and competitor.

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Causes of the Egyptian Revolution

Causes of the Egyptian Revolution CHAPTER II Literature Review Revolution is a process of rapid and fundamental change of the social, economic, and political systems, leading to collapsing an old regime and its associated elite. By studying concepts and historical examples of revolutions, we can find some valuable points common for all revolutionist movements, thus helping analyze the motives of the Egyptian Revolution. Ted Robert Gurr defines revolution as, â€Å"highly organized political violence with wide spread general participation, designed to over-throw the regime or dissolve the state and accompanied by extensive violence.†[1] The term revolution can be used differently in many contexts; however, it usually means a violent overthrow of a regime or social structure or a great sudden change in social principles. A revolution typically characterizes a complete change from one way of doing something to a different way that is usually represents the reverse. Gurr writes, men are quick to aspire beyond their social means and quick to anger when those means prove inadequate, but slow to accept their limitations.[2] He also states, â€Å"people act out their frustrations if they believe that they stand a chance of relieving some of their discontent through violence.[3] He explains this, however, by signifying that angry people are likely to be more open to arguments that violence would help, so emotion eliminates the calculation, making acts less than rational. Jeff Goodwin gives two explanations for revolution. He defined revolution in one definition as any and all instances in which a state or a political regime is overthrown and thereby transformed by a popular movement in an irregular, extra-constitutional and/or violent fashion. He made also a narrow definition and points out â€Å"revolutions entail not only mass mobilization and regime change, but also more or less rapid and fundamental social, economic and/or cultural change, during or soon after the struggle for state power.[4] Both definitions tell us that revolutions are instruments for changing a system. From another perspective, Jack Goldstone defines revolution as an effort to transform the political institutions and the justifications for political authority in society, accompanied by formal or informal mass mobilization and non-institutionalized actions that undermine authorities. [5] He does not talk about large mobilization movements. He simply mentions revolutions as an effort to change political institutions. Proponents of Marxist thought use the term revolution in a very particular way. While reforms are changes in existing social and cultural system, social revolutions cause a sudden shift from one social order to another. For example, Theda Skocpol described revolution as rapid, basic transformations of a societys state and class structures; and they are accompanied and in part carried through by class-based revolts from below,†[6] attaching revolutions to a combination of several conflicts between state, bourgeoisies and the lower class people. She also states, â€Å"revolutions are not just extreme forms of individual or collective behavior. They are distinctive conjectures of socio-historical structures and processes,†[7] attributing revolutions to social elements. What observable political conditions ought to prevail before a revolution begins? Charles Tilly states that three conditions appear to be necessary, and a fourth strongly facilitating. The three apparently necessary conditions are as follows: Alliances or coalitions of contenders, bringing forward claims to the control the state that is currently being controlled by the members of the regime. A significant part of the given population’s commitment to those claims Reluctance or ineffectiveness of the government to put an end to these alternative coalitions or people’s commitment to their claims. Establishment of alliances or coalitions between members of the regime and the contenders bringing forward alternative claims.[8] From a different of view, James Defronzo explains conditions that make revolutions possible in terms of five factors: mass frustration, divided elites, unifying motivations that unite different social groups in support of revolution, a severe political crisis for the government including legitimacy loss and loyalty of armed forces, and a permissive or tolerant world environment in which other nations do not intervene to stop a revolution from developing.[9] He argues that a high amount of mass discontent usually stems from three steps independently or a combination of them: a decline in living situations; a change in the moral tolerability of current conditions involving people feeling that their lives can and should be better; or a period of betterment in the people’s living conditions followed by a severe decline.[10] Displeasure previous to an outburst of a revolutionary movement is often deepened by sensational events that stir up many people such as violent government suppression of challengers. According to Jack Goldstone, revolutions rarely triumph because the conditions rarely coincide. Monarchic states are able to sustain popular support through making appeals respect for nationalism and royal tradition. Privileged elites, who are often enriched by such governments, will only abandon them if their conditions or the doctrine of the rulers changes radically. It is difficult for a general mobilization to triumph because it requires reconciliation of the different interests of the rural or urban poor, students, the middle class people, and many ethnic or social groups. There are many events in history such as student activists, workers strikes, and peasant uprisings that were quickly suppressed because they were a movement of one single group, rather than of a large one. Other international states have often gotten involved in these uprisings to support authoritarian rulers in order to preserve balance and make the international system stable.[11] Even if revolutionary efforts fail, they can possibly result in significant social change. Government or dominant groups will make concessions so as to settle down the protestors, when people try to make an important change in society. Even if these concessions do not satisfy the people’s demands of a total change, they can indicate significant progress. At times, social change can take place step by step because unsuccessful revolts gradually lead a society into a different way, until a new lifestyle is finally achieved. Not all turbulence should be labelled as revolution. Political turmoil is highly possible during the process of modernization. In Samuel Huntington’s words â€Å"it is not a lack of modernity rather the efforts to achieve it that causes political turmoil.†[12] Social mobilization and economic development may be disruptive. For example, economic development results in high economic inequality and social mobilization causing that inequality to be less legitimate.[13] A discrepancy between the public wellbeing and private interest becomes apparent when a culture improves, resulting in the rise of corruption as a problem. This problem can lead to the entrance of new groups to the current political system, or it can promote economic growth if government creates it through the expanse of government regulation. Though corruption may weaken the current regime, it can make political parties stronger, and in fact promote political development in countries where the regime has too much authority.[14] Theda Skocpol states that social revolutions are rapid and basic transformations of a societys state and class structures. What makes Social Revolutions important is that basic changes in social and political structure occur and these changes take place by means of intense sociopolitical conflict.[15] In the end, these changes lead to the collapse of one system and the erection a new one. The French Revolution was a social and political one that supplanted feudalism with capitalism. People did not just get rid of the monarchy, but also they killed thousands of aristocrats who had taken advantage of people for centuries. Peasants made up most of the people and the feudal relationship between those peasants and landlords was eradicated. It paved the way for capitalist relationships of manufacture and trade. In â€Å"Comparative Revolutionary Movements,† Thomas H. Greene argues that if economic conditions of a state worsen, they can lead to a revolution.[16] The reason for the economic downturn, which led to the overturn of the government in Ghana, was the worsening agricultural production that caused great trade imbalance, a huge overseas loan, and extremely high unemployment rates.[17] Likewise, the economic crisis between 1970s and 1980s in Poland exploded enormous revolts and high rates of discontent.[18] Neil Smelser states that economic issues, such as unemployment, food scarcities, rising food prices, and decreased earnings are related to the upsurge of violence between Mexico and England in a situation similar to what was seen before the French Revolution.[19] One of the most important factors that gave rise to the Mexican revolution in 1911 was the economic crisis that the country experienced at the end of Porfirio Diaz’s rule. High levels of inflation and unemployment rates in the last four years of Diaz`s reign, causing Mexico to experience deterioration and stagnation. Decline in the price of sugar, which was the country’s chief export product, was the main reason behind the decline in the Mexican economy. Likewise, in Cuba, the over-dependence on sugar as an economic incentive brought about high levels of unemployment rate and worsening economic conditions when exports to the U.S. diminished. The economic crisis of the late 1950s was only credited to sugar plantation and following unemployment. This over-dependence on single business, together with widespread corruption and nepotism by the Batista government also brought about increasing unemployment rates, particularly during non-growing seasons. The living standard in Cuba decreased dramatically because Cuban wages were unable to contend with high inflation levels during the 1950s. [20] History of revolutions in Egypt Making revolution is not something new for Egyptians because they have had three momentous revolutions in their history. One of them was he 1881 Urabi Revolution which dethroned a crooked and comprador monarchs. Another one was the Revolution of 1919, which almost overthrew British military hegemony, and the other one was 1952 revolution, which initiated the military despotism of Nasser, Sadat, and Mubarak for sixty years. Creating the second parliamentary regime on the African Continent, the first revolution turned out to be successful before foreign military intervention changed the form of government. After the defeat, the British formed a colonial rule in Egypt for more than seventy years. The second revolution was a persistent, widespread revolt controlled by a range of pro-democracy protestors from many different civil societies. Although violently suppressed, it did compel the British to make some concessions. The third revolution in Egypt is different from the first two becau se it was a revolution that went out of its way to restrict popular involvement. [21] Anyhow, in 1881 it finally ended the regime of the royal family and started a course of British removal from Egypt. Views on the Causes of the Egyptian Revolution What are the causes that gave rise to this important synergy and resistance? Three main reasons have emerged to explain this mystery: technology, Tunisia, and discomfort.[22] It is obvious that Tunisian unrest was a catalyst, motivating Egyptians to rush out into the streets. The Tunisian government was even more oppressive than the government of Egypt. So if the Tunisians were able to get rid of their ruthless dictator, why could the Egyptians not manage? Tunisian upheaval might have been the starting point, but there are many other important changes in Egypt’s political and social background that also give rise to an explanation for the revolution. Egyptians had increasingly resorted to protests and street politics to claim their demands and disrupt the position of their monarchs. Since 2004, Egypt had seen an increasing number of protests and rallies led by textile and health workers, judges, doctors, pharmacists, lawyers, transportation workers and even property tax collec tors. These workers wanted better salaries and working conditions, and relief from the harsh poverty that has distressed most of the people, whereas the rich became obviously richer and public organizations that in the past delivered service for poor Egyptians descended toward disrepair and jobs decreased as well.[23] People fell into a miserable situation where there were no hopes, nor dreams left for a better future for their children. There are many other assessments regarding the origins of the Egyptian 2011 Revolution. Political thinker and strategist Dr. Tarek Heggy, one of Egypt’s more famous authors on the subject of political reform in Egypt, states that the Egyptian people’s desire for democracy, the ruling system and legal elections were the main motives for the revolution. Another specialist Mohammed Fadel states that bribery and corruption in the government were the most important reasons behind the revolution.[24] Mona El-Ghobashy expresses in her article that the 2011 revolution occurred because there had been an unexpected change in the equal distribution of resources between ruled and rulers.[25] She also provides three reasons for the revolution: â€Å"technology, Tunisia and tribulations.†[26] Moreover, Ursula Lindsey has argued that social media, whereas it did not directly bring about the upheaval, shared a spectacular role in connecting the people who would join latter in the protests.[27] The Bank Information Center (BIC)[28] in 2007 reported that the World Bank had shown the following problems as among the most tenacious challenges that Egypt faced in fighting poverty and maintaining sustainable development: high unemployment, increasing poverty, social and economic inequality, high budget deficit, and net public debt. Every problem, whether it was corruption, the country’s foreign policy, economic conditions or social problems, played a role in motivating Egypt’ s people to revolt. The people, particularly young people, had important access to use of information and communication networks, such as mobile phone services, new social media and TV were important as events blossomed. While the government used the state information, disseminating systems to spread propaganda against the rebellions, the protesters dispersed their message by using means that was creative, disciplined, and revolutionizing. The victory of the revolution, at least for its main demand, resignation of Mubarak, was associated with defamation of state-controlled newscast, a blossoming of home-produced media of all kinds.[29] While social media did not create the Egyptian uprising, they played an immense role in getting together many of the young people who would ultimately join the demonstrations. We Are All Khalid Sa‘id was one of the Facebook groups that was created in 2010 to honor a young man beaten by police and died, having more than half-million members in the protests on January 25, 2011. These groups were instrumental in organizing the protests and a new expression has come into the Egyptian language. The internet-led generation that organized the initial protests is known as the Facebook Kids.[30] In general, street politics and in particular, the Arab street politics were more complicated. The Arab street is chiefly an appearance of public sentiment, but it has experienced important changes in its style and way of expression. Street politics is the contemporary theater of discontent people. It has played a great role in such massive political events as the French Revolution, anti-colonial fights, nineteenth-century industrial movements, the velvet revolutions in Eastern Europe, and various anti-war protests. For ordinary people, the street is the main site of politics, or and it is the chief place to spend time for those who do not generally have positions of power. It is at the same time social and cultural, continuous and present, a home of the strange and the familiar, the visible and the verbal, the street symbolizes a complex place where opinions and attitudes are formed, spread and voiced in a unique way.[31] Economic inequalities and poverty among different groups of society are important precursors for many revolutions. Welch and Taintor mention those concepts in addition to rapid economic worsening, poverty and inequalities between manufacturing and the distribution of that merchandise.[32] Cynthia McClintock argues that the inconsistency between global and domestic markets causes the latter to depend on the former concerning reliance on industrialized states for technology and money.[33] Schultz and Slater state that this dependence essentially triggers the separation of society and diminishing of rural population.[34] The chronic structural problems affecting the Arab world came to a head prior to 2011 through a combination of persistently high unemployment, especially among youth (and educated youth at that), rampant corruption, internal regional and social inequalities, and a further deterioration of economic conditions because of the global 2008 financial crisis and food price increases. Even the initial event in Tunisia that exploded into the Arab Spring upheaval was related to economics. The Tunisian street seller,  ­Mohamed Bouazizi, burnt himself because of his conditions of poverty. [1] Ted Robert Gurr, Why men rebel, Princeton, N.J.: Published for the Center of International Studies, Princeton University [by] Princeton University Press, 1970, 11. [2] Ibid., 58. [3] Ibid., 210. [4] Jeff Goodwin, No Other Way Out: States and Revolutionary Movements, 1945-1991 (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 9. [5] Jack A. Goldstone, Toward a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory, Annual Review of Political Science 4, no. 1 (06, 2001), 142. [6] Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 4. [7] Theda Skocpol, France, Russia, China: A Structural Analysis of Social Revolutions, Comparative Studies in Society and History 18, no. 2 (Apr., 1976), 177. [8] Charles Tilly, Does Modernization Breed Revolution? Comparative Politics 5, no. 3, Special Issue on Revolution and Social Change (Apr., 1973), 425-447. [9] James DeFronzo, Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2007), 12. [10] James DeFronzo, Revolutions and Revolutionary Movements, 13-14. [11] Jack A. Goldstone, Understanding the Revolutions of 2011: Weakness and Resilience in Middle Eastern Autocracies, Foreign Affairs 90, no. 3 (May/Jun 2011, 2011), 8-16. [12] Samuel P. Huntington, Political order in changing societies, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968 41. [13] Samuel P. Huntington, Political order in changing societies, 59. [14] Ibid., 69-70. [15] Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions, 3. [16] Thomas H. Greene, Comparative Revolutionary Movements (New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publishing, 1990), 19. [17] Greene, Comparative Revolutionary Movements, 96. [18] Ibid., 97. [19] Neil J. Smelser and Richard Swedberg, the Handbook of Economic Sociology, (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 73. [20] Brian H. Pollitt, Sugar, Dependency, and the Cuban Revolution (Glasgow, Scotland: University of Glasgow, 1985), 196-197. [21] Jeannie Lynn Sowers and Christopher J. Toensing, The Journey to Tahrir: Revolution, Protest, and Social Change in Egypt (London; New York: Verso, 2012), 48. [22] Ibid., 21. [23] â€Å"The Architects of the Egyptian Revolution,† The Nation, Saba Mahmood February 14, 2011 [24] Mohamed Fadel, Public Corruption and the Egyptian Revolution of January 25: Can Emerging International Anti-Corruption Norms Assist Egypt Recover Misappropriated Public Funds? Harvard International Law journal, volume 52, April 2011, 293. [25] El-Ghobashy Mona, The Journey to Tahrir, The praxis of the Egyptian revolution, 22 edited by Jeannie Sowers and ChrisToensing, 22. [26] El-Ghobashy Mona, The Journey to Tahrir, 21. [27]El-Ghobashy Mona, The Journey to Tahrir, 54. [28] Bank Information Center (BIC).http://www.bicusa.org,accessed on (October 19, 2013). [29] Jeannie Lynn Sowers, Christopher J. Toensing, The Journey to Tahrir, 53. [30] El-Ghobashy Mona, The Journey to Tahrir, 54. [31]Jeannie Lynn Sowers, Christopher J. Toensing, The Journey to Tahrir, 75. [32] Claude E. Welch and Mavis B. Taintor, Revolution and Political Change, (California: Wadsworth Publishing, 1972), 149. [33] Cynthia McClintock, Revolutionary Movements in Latin America: El Salvador’s FMLN and Peru’s Shining Path, (Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998). [34] Schultz and Slater, â€Å"Revolution and Political Change in the Third World,† 34.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Should We Abolish Pennies?

What would it be like without pennies? Without them we can’t use them for changes. Life would be different without pennies. Everything will have to change if we take out pennies in the U. S. If we don’t have pennies, then everything will be rounded off to the nearest five or ten cents. All the products with extra changes in the sale will have to change the amount of its costs to a point where no penny is needed. That’s more work for the workers to do, making all the costs of the items in the store into an amount where pennies aren’t needed. What would happen to the 99 cents store? If the pennies were to be gone, it won’t have the 99 cents store anymore. Sure they can change the cost of items to a dollar, but that is one cent more than the customers used to pay. That may not sound like a lot of money, but think about it, if you buy one hundred items for one hundred dollars, you could’ve save one dollar and one dollar can save a person’s life from starvation. And if they change it to 95 cents, they will lose profit. The sign of the store will have to be changed to whatever cost they decided to change the items to, but they can’t change the sign to â€Å"$1 Store† because there are already a store called that. And if they do change the sign, that means that they have to use their own money to get the new sign, which also means they’ll have less money to use for other necessary things for the store. The sources say that the penny is the lowest denomination coin, but if it were to be gone, the nickel would be the lowest denomination coin. Would it end up like the pennies and would be abolish in the future years? Even if the pennies were to be completely gone, the nickels will have the same complaints that the pennies were having and the complaints of the lowest denomination coin will go on and on until there is no coins left. In taking the pennies off, memories of Abraham Lincoln will be gone. All the things Lincoln did for the U. S. will fade away. We will no longer see him in coins, the 16th president will be less recognized without having a penny as his memory source. Abraham Lincoln will be forever remember with the pennies! This is how it would be like without pennies. Everything will be rounded off up or down. Would you want that to happen? Would you want Abraham Lincoln’s memories to fade away? Every penny counts, just as â€Å"every vote counts†. We must save the pennies!

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Internship Report on Zong Pakistan - 1851 Words

MANAGEMENT SCIENCES DEPARTMENT Semester : 6th Assignment No:02 Subject: Consumer Behavior Submitted by: Siraj Munawar (Bs-910) BBA (hon) Submitted to: Dr. Qadir Baloach Date of Submission: ISLAMIA COLLEGE PESHAWAR (Chartered University) Acknowledgment This assignment would not have been possible to complete without the support of my teacher Dr. Qadir Baloach. I want to express my gratitude to his supervision and guidance which was abundantly helpful and offered†¦show more content†¦Target marketing on the other hand recognizes the diversity of customers and does not try to please all of them with the same offering. The first step in target marketing is to identify different market segments and their needs. Requirements of Market Segments: In addition to having different needs, for segments to be practical they should be evaluated against the following criteria: * Identifiable: the differentiating attributes of the segments must be measurable so that they can be identified. * Accessible: the segments must be reachable through communication and distribution channels. * Substantial: the segments should be sufficiently large to justify the resources required to target them. * Unique needs: to justify separate offerings, the segments must respond differently to the different marketing mixes. * Durable: the segments should be relatively stable to minimize the cost of frequent changes. A good market segmentation will result in segment members that are internally homogenous and externally heterogeneous; that is, as similar as possible within the segment, and as different as possible between segments. BASIS FOR CONSUMER MARKET SEGMENTATION Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics. 1. Geographic 2. Demographic 3. Psychographic 4. Behavioralistic A)Geographical Segmentation Geographic segmentation is a concept that is widely used in modern dayShow MoreRelatedMba Internship Report Ufone7776 Words   |  32 Pagesto put together this report and I would like to thank my parents for their throughout support, my teachers for instilling in my enough knowledge to be able to carry myself efficiently during my internship and last but not least the staff of Accounts Payable Department especially Mr. Awais Khan, Mr. Waqas Ali, Mr. Saboor , Mr. Akhtar, Mr.Muhammad Farhan., who were extremely helpful during the internship and for the compilation of this report too. Executive Summary This report has been written to fulfillRead MorePest Analysis of Telenor11594 Words   |  47 PagesContents INTRODUCTION 7 Telenor at a Glance 7 Telenor Group 8 Telenor Pakistan 9 History of Telenor 10 The introduction of the telephone 10 Pioneer in mobile communications 10 Norwegian telecom becomes a public corporation 11 International expansion 11 The Telenor Group 2007 11 COMPANY VISION 12 Telenor Vision 12 Mission and Core values of Telenor 12 Make it Easy 13 Keep Promises 13 Be Inspiring 13 Be Respectful 13 External Environment Analysis 14 PEST Analysis 14 Political Analysis